DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i06.006

Pages: 687-695

Background: Heart diseases, hypertension, and obesity are major health problems causing illness and death globally. New research shows a strong connection between gut bacteria and overall health. This study looks at how changing gut bacteria affects health outcomes in people at risk for heart and metabolic issues. Objective: To check how probiotic supplements affect blood pressure, body weight, cholesterol, blood sugar, inflammation, gut bacteria, and their byproducts in people with heart disease, high blood pressure, or obesity. Methods: This study was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 150 adults aged 30–65 who had heart disease, high blood pressure, or obesity. Participants were split into two groups: one got a multi-strain probiotic supplement, and the other got a placebo. Before and after the study, we measured body weight, waist size, blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, inflammation markers (hs-CRP and IL-6), gut bacteria (using 16S rRNA sequencing), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Results: The probiotic group was significantly better than the placebo group (p < 0.05). They weighed significantly less, had smaller waistlines, lower blood pressure and blood sugar, lower levels of bad cholesterol and more of good cholesterol, and less inflammation. They also had more good gut microbiome, notably Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and more short-chain fatty acids. Conclusion: This research indicates that probiotics can enhance gut bacteria and have a positive impact on heart and metabolic health. These findings make probiotics a potential aid to treatment in heart disease, blood pressure, and obesity. Further long-term studies must be conducted to solidify these benefits and determine how they can be applied to daily medical practices.