DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i06.007

Pages: 696-711

Commercially widespread nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) demonstrate mostly unexplored toxicological features especially when applied to female subjects. This study observed NiO nanoparticles through dose-dependent effects on female albino rats' body weight parameters and hematological data. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigated properties of NiO nanoparticles. NiO nanoparticles were injected intravenously at three body weight doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg for female rats over 28 days. A fully automatic haematology analyser analyzed weekly body weight changes together with haematological measurements of RBCs, WBCs, haemoglobin, and platelets from each test rat. Per results NiO nanoparticles showed spherical structure and measured 17 nm as their average diameter. Theexperimental rats displayed reduced RBC counts and elevated WBC counts together with body weight decrease that increased proportionally to NiO nanoparticle dose levels. The data demonstrates how NiO NPs manifest dose-dependent harmful effects on female rats which establishes the requirement to conduct supplementary safety evaluations while performing gender-specific studies.