DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2025.v11i10.003

Pages: 953-958

The intracranial extradural hematoma is a blood collection formed between the dura mater and the bony internal table of the skull. It is a therapeutic emergency requiring rapid management, as it involves the vital prognosis. Our retrospective study focuses on 25 cases of HED in the Neurosurgery Department of the Military Hospital Avicenna of Marrakech, over a period of 5 years (from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019). The average age of patients was 30.96 years, with a clear male predominance (96%). Road accidents were the most common cause (76.92%). Initial unconsciousness was observed in 96% of cases. Clinically, the state of consciousness was generally good in 72% of cases, and only 8% of cases were severe head injuries with GCS ≤ 8. In all cases, the diagnosis of HED was made by brain computed tomography. It made it possible to make the positive diagnosis and to specify the location, the appearance, the volume and the thickness of the HED and a possible effect of mass exerted by the hematoma on the cerebral parenchyma. On the brain scan, frontal localization was most common (32%), followed by temporal (20%). The appearance was hyperdense in biconvex lens for all patients. The mass effect was present in 20% of cases (5 patients). The treatment of HED is a neurosurgical emergency. Surgical treatment was performed in 56% of patients (14 cases), while 44% of patients (11 cases) were monitored and medically treated without surgery. The evolution was good in 84% of cases. Only one patient died due to a sudden neurological aggravation followed by cardio-respiratory arrest.