DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2025.v11i11.003

Pages: 1078-1086

The current paper is a review that systematically synthesizes and critiques the evidence published in the period from 2015 to 2023 regarding the new development of pediatric thoracic radiology. The aim is to create an integrative summary of the emerging imaging modalities, indications for pediatric chest imaging, including common diseases and complex cases, and up-to-date evidence-based recommendations for the clinic. The search was conducted using standard scientific databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library, and research articles published from January 2015 to December 2023 were analyzed. The key search terms included pediatric thoracic imaging, chest CT in children, low-dose radiation, pediatric chest MRI, and artificial intelligence in pediatric radiology. The significant findings show that there is a newly emerging trend in the field of thoracic radiology dedicated to the reduction of radiation exposure, illustrated by the development of ultra-low-dose computed tomography for cystic fibrosis and low-dose chest CT scan for sporadic lung nodules. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging is becoming an increasingly reliable, radiation-free alternative for the evaluation of chronic lung diseases and mediastinal masses. The use of artificial intelligence is also predicted to be seen in future radiology practice. In conclusion, the field continues heading toward safer and inefficient diagnostic methods. The use of low-dose protocols, MRI, and AI are promising options that allow for better use of the “As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)” principle.