DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2026.v12i02.015

Pages: 147-150

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has emerged as a cornerstone technique in modern gynecologic oncology. It enables accurate nodal staging while minimizing surgical morbidity associated with systematic lymphadenectomy. Over the past two decades, extensive clinical trials and prospective studies have validated its diagnostic accuracy, safety profile, and prognostic value. This comprehensive narrative review examines anatomical foundations, technical aspects, oncologic outcomes, histopathologic ultrastaging, indications by tumor type, limitations, controversies, and future perspectives. Evidence indicates that SLN mapping achieves high sensitivity and negative predictive value across several gynecologic malignancies, particularly vulvar, endometrial, and early-stage cervical cancers. Integration of fluorescence imaging, standardized algorithms, and molecular pathology has further strengthened its clinical utility. SLN biopsy now has progressively modified surgical staging strategies over the past two decades to ward precision surgical staging and individualized patient care.