DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2026.v12i03.009

Pages: 202-205

Purpose: To analyze the clinical presentation, anatomical distribution, and therapeutic management of ocular Behçet’s Disease (BD) in a Moroccan cohort, emphasizing the role of multimodal imaging and evolving treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 53 patients fulfilling the International Study Group criteria for BD at the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech (2018–2025). Ophthalmic evaluation included Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and a multimodal imaging protocol comprising iCare EIDON TrueColor Confocal Scanning, Fluorescein Angiography (FA), and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). Results: The cohort showed a marked male predominance (3:1) with a mean age of 38.8 years. Ocular involvement was present in 45.3% (n=24) of patients, serving as the inaugural manifestation in 25% of cases. Bilateral disease was prevalent (66.7%). At baseline, only 20.8% of affected eyes (n=40) maintained a BCVA >5/10. Anatomically, isolated anterior uveitis occurred in 30% of eyes, while the posterior segment was the primary site of morbidity (42.5%), followed by panuveitis (27.5%). Retinal vasculitis was identified in 25% of eyes, predominantly as an obliterative process. Systemic corticosteroids were used for induction in all posterior segment cases (n=16), with 75% requiring intravenous methylprednisolone boluses. Immunosuppressive therapy included Cyclophosphamide (50%) and Azathioprine (31.25%). Biotherapy (Infliximab or Adalimumab) was initiated in 25% of the systemic treatment subgroup. At final follow-up, 12.5% of the ocular subgroup were legally blind, primarily due to retinal atrophy and macular scarring. Conclusion: Ocular BD in Morocco remains an aggressive condition with a high burden of posterior segment disease. Despite conventional immunosuppression, a significant percentage of patients reach legal blindness. Our findings support a "top-down" therapeutic approac