DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2026.v14i05.003

Pages: 398-402

Kidney Stone Disease (KSD) is a major and rising public health problem in India, particularly in the ‘stone belt’ regions of the north and west. Indian data suggest that approximately 2 million people are affected each year, with prevalence clustering in the third and fourth decades of life and a higher burden among men. Multiple studies have identified low fluid intake, hot climate exposure, hard or groundwater consumption, high salt and animal‑protein intake, and specific regional dietary patterns (Such as high intake of calcium and oxalate rich millets) as key contributors. Socio‑demographic factors, including rural residence, agricultural occupations, lower socioeconomic status, and limited health literacy, further amplify risk. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the epidemiology and determinants of kidney stones in India and summarizes practical strategies for prevention emphasizing hydration, diet, and risk‑factor modification. The review highlights gaps in population‑based data, need for region specific dietary guidance, and the importance of integrating kidney stone prevention into primary care and public‑health programmes in India.