DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2026.v14i08.007

Pages: 1782-1788

Chemotherapy is a backbone treatmen in localized breast cancer but its non selective cytotoxic effect harms other body cells including the bone marrow blood cells precursors leading to pancytopenia but this is temporary and reversible. Chemotherapy induced bone marrow aplasia is a rare, potentially life-threatening complication and requires investigations to distinguish myelosuppression from irreversible therapy related bone marrow failure, hematologic disorders, or bone marrow infiltration. We report a case of chemotherapy induced bone marrow aplasia associated with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for synchronous bilateral breast cancer,which illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by chemotherapy-induced bone marrow aplasia associated with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome. Early hematologic evaluation, multidisciplinary collaboration, and supportive management may permit hematologic recovery and completion of curative treatment and even she had a complete pathological response but this did not eliminate the risk of early distant relapse, and this emphasizes the need for continued surveillance.