DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2026.v12i10.004

Pages: 1031-1036

Context: The neonatal period is a critical phase during which the newborn is particularly vulnerable to infections and metabolic disturbances. In Morocco, traditional medicine remains deeply rooted in popular culture and significantly influences newborn care. While some practices have cultural or symbolic value, others expose the infant to serious infectious, toxic, or metabolic risks. No data specific to the Saharan region of southern Morocco are available in the literature. Objective: To describe traditional neonatal medicine practices in Laâyoune, to assess their impact on the health of the newborn and to formulate public health recommendations adapted to the local cultural context. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 mothers of newborns at the Moulay El Hassan Ben El Mehdi Regional Hospital Center in Laâyoune. Data were collected through face-to-face structured questionnaires and direct clinical observation, covering sociodemographic characteristics, types of traditional practices, their motivations, and observed adverse effects. Results: The mean maternal age was 26.4 ± 5.9 years. Half of the mothers had a low level of education (20% illiterate, 30% primary school). The use of traditional medicine was reported by 58% of the mothers, primarily for therapeutic (60%), cultural (52%), or preventive (45%) purposes. The most frequent practices included the application of kohl, massages with cade oil or dhen, oral administration of honey, dates, and herbal teas, and fumigation. Among the users, 32% reported adverse effects: skin irritation (34%), digestive problems (22%), umbilical infections (16%), eye irritation (13%), and respiratory problems (9%). Two neonatal deaths (4%) were recorded: one from methemoglobinemia and hepatic cytolysis after ingestion of "leghdir" water, the other from acute renal failure after ingestion of a mixture of plants prepared by a ferraga. Conclusion: Traditional neonatal medicine is widely practiced in La