DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2026.v15i10.007

Pages: 266-272

Maveez Munaqqa, the dried mature fruit of Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), represents an indispensable cornerstone of Greco-Arab (Unani) pharmacotherapy. Classically characterized as warm and moist in temperament, it is routinely prescribed to clear viscid humours, tonify vital organs, enrich blood volume and relieve chronic pulmonary and gastrointestinal distress. Despite centuries of experiential clinical success, an updated, systematic synthesis harmonizing classical Unani indications with contemporary chemical and pharmacological findings is required. This review provides an exhaustive appraisal of V. vinifera, integrating botanical taxonomy, macroscopic and microscopic authentication, classical Unani temperament and therapeutics, physicochemical standards, phytochemical distribution, and contemporary pharmacological models. Pharmacological screenings corroborate classical claims, evidencing free-radical scavenging, membrane-stabilizing hepatoprotection, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, lipid profile modulation, anti-obesity effects, airway reactivity suppression in bronchial asthma, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, glycemic regulation, antispasmodic action and antipyretic. Rigorous physicochemical standardization parameters ensure reproducibility and protect against adulteration. By establishing direct mechanistic links between classical humoral concepts and biomolecular pathways, this review lays the ground for standardized pharmaceutical translation and well-controlled clinical evaluations.